Spawning Activities, Early Development, and Larvae Growth of the Arfak Rainbowfish in Laboratory Condition: A Preliminary Study for Its Breeding Captivity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2021.Vol.5.No.3.165Keywords:
endemic fish, Melanotaenia, Captive breedingAbstract
Comprehensive information regarding the reproduction, early development, and growth of larvae is very important in the efforts of captive breeding and reintroduction of endangered fish species. One of the species that is starting to be threatened is the Arfak rainbowfish, Melanotaenia arfakensis which is already in the vulnerable category and its information is still relatively limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to describe the spawning activity, early development, and growth of the larvae of this rainbow fish species under laboratory conditions. Experiments on a laboratory scale were carried out in March-September 2017. The fish used came from the Nimbai Stream. A total of three pairs of individual males and females ranging in size from 46.5 to 60.1 mm were selected for treatment. However, only one pair was successfully observed spawning activity completely. Spawning takes place between morning and noon in three spawning periods. In each period, spawning lasts between 8 and 11 days. Between spawning periods takes 14 to 22 days. After fertilization, the eggs are attached with filaments to the spawning substrate and placed at a depth of 7.3-24.3 cm from the surface of the water. One group of eggs spawned consists of 78-116 eggs with a diameter range between 1.05 and 136 mm. The eggs hatch in a period of 4 to 10 days. The body length of the newly hatched larvae ranges from 4.13-4.40 mm and will reach a size of 7.85 mm with a survival rate of 48.1% after 41 days. The results of this study found several advantages from the characteristics of spawning and growth in the early stages that are useful for captive breeding efforts and reintroduction of this rainbowfish to their natural habitat. Thus, its population in the Prafi River system can be maintained.
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References
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Hismayasari IB, Rahayu S, Marhendra APW. (2015). Ovary maturation stages histology and follicles diameter of Melanotaenia boesemani rainbowfish ovary from district of North Ayamaru, Maybrat Regency, West Papua. Journal of Morphological Science. 32(3): 157-164
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Kadarusman, Sudarto, Paradis E, Pouyaud L. (2010). Description of Melanotaenia fasinensis, a new species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) from West Papua, Indonesia with comments on the rediscovery of M. ajamaruensis and the endagered status of M. parva. Cybium. 34(2): 207-215
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Leatemia SPO, Manangkalangi E, Lefaan PT, Peday HFZ, Sembel L. (2017). Makroavertebrata bentos sebagai bioindikator kualitas air Sungai Nimbai Manokwari, Papua Barat. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia. 22(1): 25-33
Lefaan PT, Peday HFZ, Leatemia SPO, Sembel L, Manangkalangi E. (2019). Struktur vegetasi riparia dan implikasinya terhadap kondisi habitat ikan pelangi arfak, Melanotaenia arfakensis di Sungai Nimbai, Manokwari Papua Barat. Samakia: Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan. 10(1): 38-56
Leu M-Y, Meng P-J, Huang C-S, Tew KS, Kuo J, Liou C-H. (2010). Spawning behavior, early development and first feeding of the bluestriped angelfish [Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)] in captivity. Aquaculture Research. 41: e39-e52
Lobon-Cervia J, Utrilla CG, Rincøn PA, Amezcua F. (1997). Environmentally induced spatio-temporal variations in the fecundity of brown trout Salmo trutta L.: Trade-offs between egg size and number. Freshwater Biology. 38(2): 277-288
Maddern MG, Morgan DL, Gill HS. (2007). Distribution, diet and potential ecological impacts of the introduced Mozambique mouthbrooder Oreochromis mossambicus Peters (Pisces: Cichlidae) in Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia. 90(4): 203-214
Manangkalangi E. (2009). Makanan, pertumbuhan dan reproduksi ikan pelangi arfak (Melanotaenia arfakensis Allen) di Sungai Nimbai dan Sungai Aimasi, Manokwari. [Tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor. 105 hal
Manangkalangi E, Rahardjo MF, Sjafii DS. (2009a). Habitat ontogeni ikan pelangi arfak (Melanotaenia arfakensis) di Sungai Nimbai dan Sungai Aimasi, Manokwari. Jurnal Natural. 8(1): 4-11
Manangkalangi E, Rahardjo MF, Sjafii DS, Sulistiono. 2009b. Musim pemijahan ikan pelangi arfak (Melanotaenia arfakensis Allen) di Sungai Nimbai dan Sungai Aimasi, Manokwari. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia. 9(1): 1-12
Manangkalangi E, Rahardjo MF, Sjafii DS, Sulistiono. (2009c). Pengaruh Kondisi Hidrologi Terhadap Komunitas Makroavertebrata di Sungai Aimasi dan Sungai Nimbai, Manokwari. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan. 5(2): 99-110
Manangkalangi E, Leatemia SPO, Lefaan PT, Peday HFZ, Sembel L. (2014). Kondisi habitat ikan pelangi arfak, Melanotaenia arfakensis, 1990 di Sungai Nimbai, Prafi Manokwari. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia. 14(1): 21-36
Manangkalangi E, Rahardjo MF, Hadiaty RK, Hariyadi S. (2017). Efektivitas ikan pelangi arfak, Melanotaenia arfakensis Allen, 1990 dalam mencari makan pada tingkat kekeruhan air yang berbeda: suatu pendekatan laboratorium. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia. 17(3): 299-310
Manangkalangi E, Rahardjo MF, Hadiaty RK, Hariyadi S, Simanjuntak CPH. (2019). Trophic ecology of fish community at Nimbai Stream: competition and predation interaction to Arfak rainbowfish, Melanotaenia arfakensis Allen, 1990. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia. 19(3): 449-464
Manangkalangi E, Rahardjo MF, Hadiaty RK, Hariyadi S, Simanjuntak CPH. (2020). Distribution and abundance of the Arfak rainbowfish, Melanotaenia arfakensis Allen, 1990 in Prafi River system, Manokwari, West Papua: due to habitat degradation? IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 404: 012043
Miller TJ, Crowder LB, Rice JA, Marschall EA. (1988). Larval size and recruitment mechanisms in fishes: toward a conceptual framework. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 45(9): 1657-1670
Milton DA, Arthington AH. (1984). Reproductive strategy and growth of the crimson-spotted rainbowfish, Melanotaenia splendida fluviatilis (Castelnau) (Pisces: Melanotaeniidae) in south-eastern Queensland. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 35(1): 75-83
Morgan DL, Gill HS, Maddern MG, Beatty SJ. (2004). Distribution and impacts of introduced freshwater fishes in Western Australia. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 38(3): 511-523
Olden JD, Kennard MJ. (2010). Intercontinental comparison of fish life history strategies along a gradient of hydrologic variability. In: Gido KB, Jackson DA (eds.). Community ecology of stream fishes: concepts, approaches, and techniques. Proceedings of a symposium held in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 19-20 August 2008. Bethesda (USA): American Fisheries Society. pp. 83-107
Oliveira RF, Almada VC. (1998). Maternal aggression during the mouthbrooding cycle in the cichlid fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Aggressive Behavior. 24: 187-196
Oliveira RF, Almada VC, Canário AVM. (1996). Social modulation of sex steroid concentrations in the urine of male cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Hormones and Behavior. 30(1): 2-12
Olivotto I, Holt SA, Carnevali O, Holt GJ. (2006). Spawning, early development, and first feeding in the lemonpeel angelfish Centropyge flavissimus. Aquaculture. 253(1-4): 270-278
Oulton LJ, Haviland V, Brown C. (2013a). Predator recognition in rainbowfish, Melanotaenia duboulayi, embryos. PLoS ONE. 8(10): e76061
Oulton LJ, Carbia P, Brown C. (2013b). Hatching success of rainbowfish eggs following exposure to air. Australian Journal of Zoology. 61(5): 395-398
Philippart JC. (1992). Is captive breeding an effective solution for the conservation of endemic species? Biological Conservation. 72(2): 281-295
Portella MC, Dabrowski K. (2008). Diets, physiology, biochemistry and digestive tract development of freshwater fish larvae. In: Cyrino JEP, Bureau DP, Kapoor BG (eds.). Feeding and digestive functions in fishes. Enfield, NH (USA): Science Publishers. pp. 227-279
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2021-08-31
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Manangkalangi, E., Lapadi, I., Lefaan, P. T., Rahardjo, M. F., Hadiaty, R. K., Hariyadi, S., & Simanjuntak, C. P. H. (2021). Spawning Activities, Early Development, and Larvae Growth of the Arfak Rainbowfish in Laboratory Condition: A Preliminary Study for Its Breeding Captivity. Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, 5(3), 331–350. https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2021.Vol.5.No.3.165
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